I mea e hāʻawi ai i nā mea hana metala me nā mea e pono ai mechanical, physical, and chemical properties, i ka hoʻohui ʻana i ke koho kūpono o nā mea a me nā kaʻina hana like ʻole, pono pinepine nā kaʻina hana wela. ʻO ke kila ka mea i hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka ʻoihana mīkini, me kahi microstructure paʻakikī e hiki ke hoʻomalu ʻia ma o ka mālama ʻana i ka wela. No laila, ʻo ka mālama wela o ke kila ka mea nui o ka mālama wela metala.
Eia kekahi, hiki i ka aluminika, ke keleawe, ka magnesium, ka titanium a me kā lākou mau mea hoʻohui ke hoʻololi i kā lākou mechanical, physical and chemical properties ma o ka wela wela e loaʻa ai nā ʻano hana like ʻole.
ʻAʻole hoʻololi ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa wela i ke ʻano a me ka hui kemika holoʻokoʻa o ka mea hana, akā hāʻawi a hoʻomaikaʻi paha i kāna hana ma ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka microstructure i loko o ka mea hana a i ʻole ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka haku mele ma ka ʻili o ka mea hana. ʻO kāna hiʻohiʻona ʻo ia ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka maikaʻi intrinsic o ka mea hana, ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia e ka maka.
ʻO ka hana o ka mālama wela ʻo ia ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā waiwai mechanical o nā mea, hoʻopau i nā koʻikoʻi koena, a hoʻonui i ka machinability o nā metala. Wahi a nā kumu like ʻole o ka mālama ʻana i ka wela, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā kaʻina hana wela i ʻelua mau ʻāpana: ka mālama wela mua a me ka mālama wela hope.
1.ʻO ke kumu o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa wela mua ʻo ia ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hana hana, hoʻopau i ke kaumaha o loko, a hoʻomākaukau i kahi ʻano metallographic maikaʻi no ka mālama wela hope. ʻO ke kaʻina hana wela e pili ana i ka annealing, normalizing, aging, quenching and tempering, etc.
l Hoʻohana ʻia ka Annealing a me ka normalizing no nā blanks i loaʻa i ka hana wela. Hoʻopili pinepine ʻia ke kila kalapona a me ke kila kila me ka nui o ke kalapona ma mua o 0.5% e hōʻemi i ko lākou paʻakikī a maʻalahi i ka ʻoki ʻana; Hoʻohana ʻia ke kila kalapona a me ke kila kila me ka ʻiʻo kalapona ma lalo o 0.5% me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana e pale aku i ka pipili ʻana o ka mea hana i ka wā e ʻoki ai ma muli o ko lākou paʻakikī haʻahaʻa. Hiki i ka Annealing a me ka hana maʻamau ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka nui o ka palaoa a hoʻokō i ka microstructure like ʻole, e hoʻomākaukau ana no ka mālama wela e hiki mai ana. Hoʻonohonoho pinepine ʻia ka Annealing a me ka normalizing ma hope o ka mīkini paʻakikī a ma mua o ka hana ʻino.
l Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa manawa e hoʻopau i nā koʻikoʻi kūloko i hana ʻia i ka hana ʻole a me ka hana mechanical. No ka pale ʻana i ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka halihali, no nā ʻāpana me ka pololei maʻamau, hiki ke hoʻonohonoho ʻia kahi mālama manawa ma mua o ka mīkini pololei. Eia nō naʻe, no nā ʻāpana me nā koi kikoʻī kiʻekiʻe (e like me ka pahu o nā mīkini hoʻoheheʻe coordinate), pono e hoʻonohonoho ʻia ʻelua a ʻoi aku paha nā kaʻina hana lapaʻau. ʻAʻole pono nā ʻāpana maʻalahi i ka lapaʻau kahiko. Ma waho aʻe o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, no kekahi mau ʻāpana kikoʻī me ka rigidity maikaʻi ʻole (e like me nā screws precision), ua hoʻonohonoho pinepine ʻia nā ʻano lapaʻau kahiko ma waena o ka mīkini ʻeleʻele a me ka mīkini semi precision e hoʻopau i nā koʻikoʻi kūloko i hana ʻia i ka wā o ka hana ʻana a hoʻopaʻa i ka pololei o ka mīkini o nā ʻāpana. Pono kekahi mau ʻāpana shaft e mālama i ka manawa ma hope o ke kaʻina hana hoʻopololei.
l ʻO ka Quenching a me ka hoʻouluʻana e pili ana i ka mālamaʻana i ka wela wela ma hope o ka hoʻopiʻiʻana, hiki ke loaʻa i kahi hoʻolālā martensite maikaʻi a me ka maikaʻi, e hoʻomākaukau ana no ka ho'ēmiʻana i ka deformation i ka wā o ka quenching surface a me ka mālama nitriding i ka wā e hiki mai ana. No laila, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka quenching a me ka tempering e like me ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka wela wela. Ma muli o ka maikaʻi o ka mīkini piha piha o nā ʻāpana kinai ʻia a me nā ʻāpana wela, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kekahi mau ʻāpana me nā koi haʻahaʻa no ka paʻakikī a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana e like me ke kaʻina hana wela.
2.ʻO ke kumu o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa wela hope loa ʻo ia ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā waiwai mechanical e like me ka paʻakikī, ke kūpaʻa ʻaʻahu, a me ka ikaika.
l Hoʻopiʻi ʻia ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka ʻili a me ka hoʻopau nui. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka ʻili ʻana ma muli o kona liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, oxidation, a me ka decarburization, a loaʻa iā ia nā pono o ka ikaika o waho kiʻekiʻe a me ke kūpaʻa ʻaʻahu maikaʻi, ʻoiai ka mālama ʻana i ka paʻakikī a me ka hopena ikaika i loko. No ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā ʻano mechanical o nā ʻāpana quenched surface, pono pinepine e hana i ka mālama wela e like me ka quenching a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana ma ke ʻano he mālama wela mua. ʻO ke ala kaʻina maʻamau: ʻoki - forging - normalizing (annealing) - rough machining - quenching and tempering - semi precision machining - surface quenching - precision machining.
l Carburizing quenching mea kūpono no ka haʻahaʻa kalapona kila a me ka haʻahaʻa alloy kila. ʻO ka mea mua, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka ʻike kalapona o ka ʻāpana o ka ʻāpana, a ma hope o ke kinai ʻana, loaʻa ka ʻili o ka ʻili i ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe, ʻoiai ke mālama mau nei ke kumu i kekahi ikaika, paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe, a me ka plasticity. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka carbonization i ka carburizing holoʻokoʻa a me ka carburizing kūloko. I ka wā e carburizing hapa, pono e lawe ʻia nā ana anti-seepage (ka uhi keleawe a i ʻole nā mea anti-seepage plating) no nā ʻāpana non carburizing. Ma muli o ka deformation nui i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka carburizing a me ka quenching, a me ka hohonu o ka carburizing ma ke ʻano maʻamau mai 0.5 a 2mm, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia ke kaʻina hana carburizing ma waena o ka mīkini semi precision a me ka mīkini pololei. ʻO ke ala kaʻina maʻamau: ʻokiʻoki forging maʻamau a me ka semi precision machining carburizing quenching precision machining. Ke hoʻohana ka ʻāpana carburized ʻole o nā ʻāpana carburized kūloko i ka hoʻolālā kaʻina o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ʻae a ʻoki i ka papa carburized keu, pono e hoʻonohonoho ʻia ke kaʻina hana o ka ʻoki ʻana i ka papa carburized keu ma hope o ka carburization a ma mua o ke kinai ʻana.
l ʻO ka lāʻau Nitriding kahi ʻano lapaʻau e hiki ai i nā ʻātoma nitrogen ke komo i ka ʻili metala no ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi papa o nā pūhui me ka nitrogen. Hiki i ka papa nitriding ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka paʻakikī, ka pale ʻana, ka ikaika luhi, a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana o ka ʻili o nā ʻāpana. Ma muli o ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa nitriding lapaʻau, liʻiliʻi deformation, a me ka lahilahi nitriding papa (maʻamau ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ma mua o 0.6 ~ 0.7mm), pono e hoʻonohonoho ʻia ke kaʻina hana nitriding e like me ka hiki. No ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka deformation i ka wā o ka nitriding, koi ʻia ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa kiʻekiʻe e hoʻomaha i ke kaumaha ma hope o ka ʻoki ʻana.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Oct-24-2024
