Ka hopena o ka maʻiʻo kalapona ma ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana

ʻO ka ʻike kalapona i loko o ke kila kekahi o nā mea koʻikoʻi e pili ana i ka weldability o ka forging material. ʻO ke kila, ka hui pū ʻana o ka hao a me ke kalapona, hiki ke loaʻa i nā pae kalapona like ʻole, e pili pono ana i kona mau waiwai mechanical, me ka ikaika, ka paʻakikī, a me ka ductility. No ka welded forgings, hoʻomaopopo i ka pilina ma waena o ka ʻike kalapona a me ka hana welding he mea koʻikoʻi e hōʻoia i ka pono a me ka maikaʻi o nā hui welded.

ʻO nā kila kalapona haʻahaʻa, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o 0.30% carbon, ʻo ia ka mea hiki ke weldable. Hōʻike kēia mau kila i ka ductility maikaʻi a me ka malleability, e hoʻolilo iā lākou i mea kūpono no kahi ākea o nā noi wili. ʻO ka haʻahaʻa carbon maʻiʻo e hoʻemi i ka pilikia o ka haki ʻana i ka ʻāpana wela (HAZ) i ka wā a ma hope o ka wili. ʻO ia ke kumu o ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa kalapona i ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka mea i hana i nā microstructures brittle e like me martensite, hiki ke pilikia i nā wahi welded. No laila, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā pilikia e pili ana i ka haki ʻana a i ʻole ka distortion i ka wā wili.

I ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana, i ka piʻi ʻana o ke kalapona, emi ka weldability o ke kila. ʻO nā kila kalapona liʻiliʻi, me kahi maʻi kalapona ma waena o 0.30% a me 0.60%, hāʻawi i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ka paʻakikī i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā kila kalapona haʻahaʻa akā hele mai me nā pilikia nui i ka wā wili. ʻOi aku ka nui o ke kalapona e alakaʻi i ka paʻakikī ʻoi aʻe, kahi e hoʻonui ai i ka hiki ke hana i nā hale martensitic i ka HAZ. ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī a ʻoi aku ka palupalu o kēia mau microstructures, e hoʻonui ana i ka manawa o ka haki ʻana, ʻoi aku ma lalo o ke kaumaha a i ʻole ka hopena. ʻO ka mālama kūikawā, e like me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i ka wela ma hope o ka weld, koi pinepine ʻia i ka wā e wili ai i nā mea hao kalapona waena e pale ai i kēia mau pilikia.

ʻO nā kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o 0.60% kalapona, ʻo ia nā pilikia nui loa no ka wili. Hoʻonui nui ka ʻike kalapona kiʻekiʻe i ka paʻakikī a me ka palupalu o ke kila, e ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka haki ʻana i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana kuʻi. I kekahi mau hihia, pono paha nā kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe i nā ʻenehana wiliwili kūikawā a ʻaʻole kūpono paha no ka wili ʻana me ka ʻole o ka hoʻololi nui ʻana i ke kaʻina hana. He mea koʻikoʻi ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa mua, ka mālama ʻana i ka wela interpass, a me ka mālama ʻana i ka wela ma hope o ka weld i mea e pale ai i ka hāʻule ʻole ʻana o nā mea hao kalapona kiʻekiʻe.

ʻO ka hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo, ʻo ka maʻiʻo kalapona o ke kila ke kuleana nui i ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka kūleʻa o ke kuʻi ʻana i nā ʻāpana forged. ʻO nā kila kalapona haʻahaʻa ka mea hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia, ʻoiai ʻo nā kila waena a me ke kalapona kiʻekiʻe e koi aku i ka mālama akahele ʻana i nā ʻāpana wili e pale ai i nā hemahema e like me ka haki ʻana. ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka ʻike kalapona a me ke koho ʻana i nā kaʻina hana kuʻi kūpono he mea nui ia no ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka lōʻihi a me ka hana ʻana o nā welded forgings ma nā ʻano hana ʻenehana.